Prof. Dr. Susanne Schnell

Ich bin Professorin an der Universität Greifswald und die Lehrstuhlinhaberin für Medizinphysik am Institut für Physik. Ich habe hier in Greifswald am 1. April 2020 angefangen und freue mich den neuen Masterstudiengang Medizinphysik zu etablieren.  Außerdem habe ich das Ziel meine Arbeit in der Forschung fort zu setzen und neue MRT Methoden zum Messen und Quantifizieren von Fluss im menschlichen Körper zu entwickeln.

Meine vorherige Position war an der Northwestern University in Chicago, wo ich über 9 Jahre im Feld der 4D Fluss MRT gearbeitet habe. Ich habe dort als postdoc in 2011 angefangen und wurde zum Assistant Professor in 2014 befördert. Nachdem ich eine neue Arbeitsgruppe erfolgreich aufbauen konnte und erfolgreich Forschungförderungen erhielt, wurde ich 2019 zum Associate Professor befördert. Vor Chicago arbeitete ich in der Medizinphysik AG der Unimedizin Freiburg, wo ich auch an meiner Doktorarbeit im Bereich der Diffusionstensorbildgebung gearbeitet habe. Die Doktorarbeit habe ich im November 2010 am Institut für Informatik erfolgreich verteidigt. Bevor ich den Schritt in die akademische Welt unternahm, arbeitete ich für knapp 2 Jahre als R&D Ingenieurin in der freien Wirtschaft. Davor studierte ich Elektrotechnik mit dem Schwerpunkt Medizintechnik in Hamburg und beendete das Studium mit einem Master of Science in 2004.

Ich habe mir zum Ziel gesetzt insbesondere Frauen und unterrepräsentierte Gruppen in den MINT Fächern und meinem Feld der Forschung gezielt zu unterstützen. Ich widme mich außerdem der Aufgabe unsere Methoden in die klinische Umsetzung zu bringen, indem die Datenanalyse rationalisiert wird, neue MRT Methoden zum Messen des Flusses von Flüssigkeiten im menschlichen Körper validiert werden, unsere Methoden beschleunigt werden und open-source Bemühungen unterstützt werden (

https://ismrmflowgroup.github.io/software/

Vize-Präsidentin des Vorstands der DS-ISMRM: https://ismrm-ds.org/vorstand/

Secretary des Board of Directors der SMRA https://society4mra.org/index.php/about-smra/

Ich bin auch aktiv in dem Editorial Board des Journals of Computer Assisted Tomography (JCAT):
https://journals.lww.com/jcat/Pages/editorialboard.aspx

In der Vergangenheit beteiligte ich mich in diversen Kommissionen der ISMRM (International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine):

1. von 2019 - 2023 MR Flow & Motion Quantification Study Group (https://www.ismrm.org/study-groups/mr-flow-motion-quantitation/)
2. von 2017 - 2020 Subcommittee on the Young Investigator Awards
3. 2021 - 2022 ISMRM Workshop & Study Group Committee

• ISMRM (International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine)
• DGMP (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Medizinphysik)
• DSISMRM (Deutsche Sektion der ISMRM)
• SMRA (Society for Magnetic Resonance Angiography)
• SCMR (Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance)
• SABI (Society for Advanced Body Imaging)

4D flow MRI
Schmitter S, Schnell S
Quantification of Biophysical Parameters in Medical Imaging.
1. Auflage 2018 Feb; 187-212.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65924-4_9
    ISBN: 978-3-319-65923-7
2. Auflage 2024 Nov; 215-237.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61846-8
    ISBN: 978-3-031-61845-1

Alle über PubMed verfügbaren Publikationen sind hier abrufbar:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/susanne.schnell.1/bibliography/public/

Cerebral Arterial Inflow and Venous Outflow Assessment Using 4D Flow MRI in Adult and Pediatric Patients
Ramez N. Abdalla, Susanne Schnell, Maria Aristova, Mohamad Mohayad Alzein, Yasaman Moazeni, Jessie Aw, Can Wu, Michael Markl, Donald R. Cantrell, Michael C. Hurley, Sameer Ansari, Ali Shaibani
J. Vasc. Dis. 2024, 3, 407–418
https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3040032

Generalized super-resolution 4D Flow MRI - using ensemble learning to extend across the cardiovascular system
Ericsson L, Hjalmarsson A, Akbar MU, Ferdian E, Bonini M, Hardy B, Schollenberger J, Aristova M, Winter P, Burris N, Fyrdahl A, Sigfridsson A, Schnell S, Figueroa CA, Nordsletten D, Young AA, Marlevi D.
IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2024 Jul 16;PP.
https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2024.3429291

Automated intracranial vessel segmentation of 4D flow MRI data in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis using a convolutional neural network.
Winter P, Berhane H, Moore JE, Aristova M, Reichl T, Wollenberg J, Richter A, Jarvis KB, Patel A, Caprio FZ, Abdalla RN, Ansari SA, Markl M, Schnell S. 
Front Radiol. 2024 Jun 4;4:1385424
https://doi.org/10.3389/fradi.2024.1385424

Automatic 4D flow MRI Segmentation Using the Standardized Difference of Means Velocity
Rothenberger, Sean M. and Patel, Neal M. and Zhang, Jiacheng and Schnell, Susanne and Craig, Bruce A. and Ansari, Sameer A. and Markl, Michael and Vlachos, Pavlos P. and Rayz, Vitaliy L.
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2023 Mar
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.28115

Cerebrovascular super-resolution 4D Flow MRI – sequential combination of resolution enhancement by deep learning and physics-informed image processing to non-invasively quantify intracranial velocity, flow, and relative pressure
E. Ferdian, D. Marlevi, J. Schollenberger, M. Aristova, E.R. Edelman, S. Schnell, C.A. Figueroa, D.A. Nordsletten, A.A. Young
Medical Image Analysis 2023 Apr
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2023.102831

4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement: 2023 update
Malenka M. Bissell, Francesca Raimondi, Lamia Ait Ali, Bradley D. Allen, Alex J. Barker, Ann Bolger, Nicholas Burris, Carl-Johan Carhäll, Jeremy D. Collins, Tino Ebbers, Christopher J. Francois, Alex Frydrychowicz, Pankaj Garg, Julia Geiger, Hojin Ha, Anja Hennemuth, Michael D. Hope, Albert Hsiao, Kevin Johnson, Sebastian Kozerke, Liliana E. Ma, Michael Markl, Duarte Martins, Marci Messina, Thekla H. Oechtering, Pim van Ooij, Cynthia Rigsby, Jose Rodriguez-Palomares, Arno A. W. Roest, Alejandro Roldán-Alzate, Susanne Schnell, Julio Sotelo, Matthias Stuber, Ali B. Syed, Johannes Töger, Rob van der Geest, Jos Westenberg, Liang Zhong, Yumin Zhong, Oliver Wieben, Petter Dyverfeldt
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2023, 25(40)
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-023-00942-z

Intracranial Blood Flow Quantification by Accelerated Dual-venc 4D Flow MRI: Comparison With Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound
Mahinrad S, Tan CO, Ma Y, Aristova M, Milstead AL, Lloyd-Jones D, Schnell S, Markl M, Sorond FA
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2022 Feb
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.28115

Modeling Bias Error in 4D flow MRI Velocity Measurements
Rothenberger SM, Zhang J, Brindise MC, Schnell S, Markl M, Vlachos PP, Rayz VL
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2022 Feb
https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2022.3149421

Why do humans undergo an adiposity rebound? Exploring links with the energetic costs of brain development in childhood using MRI-based 4D measures of total cerebral blood flow
Aronoff JE, Ragin A, Wu C, Markl M, Schnell S, Shaibani A, Blair C, Kuzawa CW
Int J Obes 2022 Feb
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01065-8

Accelerated dual-venc 4D flow MRI with variable high-vencspatial resolution for neurovascular applications
Maria Aristova, Jianing Pang, Yue Ma, Liliana Ma, Haben Berhane, Vitaliy Rayz, Michael Markl, Susanne Schnell
Magn Reson Med. 2022 Apr
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mrm.29306

Comparison of Improved Unidirectional Dual Velocity-Encoding MRI Methods
Pamela Franco MSc, Liliana Ma PhD, Susanne Schnell PhD, Hugo Carrillo PhD, Cristian Montalba BSc, Michael Markl PhD, Cristóbal Bertoglio PhD,Sergio Uribe PhD
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2022 Jun
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.28305

4D flow MRI in abdominal vessels: prospective comparison of k-t accelerated free breathing acquisition to standard respiratory navigator gated acquisition
Octavia Bane, Daniel Stocker, Paul Kennedy, Stefanie J. Hectors, Emilie Bollache, Susanne Schnell, Thomas Schiano, Swan Thung, Aaron Fischman, Michael Markl, Bachir Taouli
Scientific Reports. 2022, 12(19886)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23864-9

Noninvasive quantification of cerebrovascular pressure changes using 4D Flow MRI.
Marlevi D,  Schollenberger J,  Aristova M, Ferdian E, Ma Y, Young AA, Edelman ER, Schnell S, Figueroa CA,  Nordsletten DA
Magn Reson Med. 2021 Feb; 
https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.28928

Cerebrovascular super-resolution 4D Flow MRI – using deep learning to non-invasively quantify velocity, flow, and relative pressure
Ferdian E, Marlevi D, Schollenberger J, Aristova M, Edelman ER, Schnell S, Figueroa CA, Nordsletten DA, Young AA
https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.25.457611

Development of a rotation phantom for phase contrast MRI sequence validation and quality control.
Vali A, Schmitter S, Ma L, Flassbeck S, Schmidt S, Markl M, Schnell S
Magn Reson Med. 2020 Dec; 84(6): 3333-3341.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.28343
PMID: 32573806

Bilateral Multiband 4D Flow MRI of the Carotid Arteries at 7T.
Schmitter S, Adriany G, Waks M, Moeller S, Aristova M, Vali A, Auerbach EJ, Van de Moortele P-F, Ugurbil K, Schnell S
Magn Reson Med. 2020 Oct; 84(4): 1947-1960.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.28256
PMID: 32187742

4D Flow MRI Pressure Estimation Using Velocity Measurement-Error-Based Weighted Least-Squares.
Zhang J, Brindise MC, Rothenberger S, Schnell S, Markl M, Saloner D, Rayz VL, Vlachos PP
IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2020 May; 39(5): 1668-1680.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2019.2954697
PMID: 31751234

Efficient triple-VENC phase-contrast MRI for improved velocity dynamic range.
Ma LE, Markl M, Chow K, Vali A, Wu C, Schnell S
Magn Reson Med. 2020 Feb; 83(2): 505-520.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27943
PMID: 31423646

Standardized Evaluation of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations Using Flow Distribution Network Graphs and Dual-venc 4D Flow MRI.
Aristova M, Vali A, Ansari SA, Shaibani A, Alden TD, Hurley MC, Jahromi BS, Potts MB, Markl M, Schnell S
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019 Dec; 50(6): 1718-1730.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.26784
PMID: 31070849

Visual analysis of regional myocardial motion anomalies in longitudinal studies
Sheharyar A, Ruh A, Aristova M, Scott M, Jarvis K, Elbaz M, Dolan R, Schnell S, Lin K, Carr J, Markl M, Bouhali O, Linsen L
COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK. 2019 Dec; 83: 62-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2019.07.004
ISSN: 0097-8493

Multi-modality cerebral aneurysm haemodynamic analysis: in vivo 4D flow MRI, in vitro volumetric particle velocimetry and in silico computational fluid dynamics.
Brindise MC, Rothenberger S, Dickerhoff B, Schnell S, Markl M, Saloner D, Rayz VL, Vlachos PP
J R Soc Interface. 2019 Sep; 16(158): 20190465-.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0465
PMID: 31506043

Semi-automated analysis of 4D flow MRI to assess the hemodynamic impact of intracranial atherosclerotic disease.
Vali A, Aristova M, Vakil P, Abdalla R, Prabhakaran S, Markl M, Ansari SA, Schnell S
Magn Reson Med. 2019 Aug; 82(2): 749-762.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27747
PMID: 30924197

Aortic 4D flow MRI in 2 minutes using compressed sensing, respiratory controlled adaptive k-space reordering, and inline reconstruction.
Ma LE, Markl M, Chow K, Huh H, Forman C, Vali A, Greiser A, Carr J, Schnell S, Barker AJ, Jin N
Magn Reson Med. 2019 Jun; 81(6): 3675-3690.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27684
PMID: 30803006

4-D flow magnetic-resonance-imaging-derived energetic biomarkers are abnormal in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and associated with disease severity.
Robinson JD, Rose MJ, Joh M, Jarvis K, Schnell S, Barker AJ, Rigsby CK, Markl M
Pediatr Radiol. 2019 Mar; 49(3): 308-317.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-018-4312-8
PMID: 30506329

Caval to pulmonary 3D flow distribution in patients with Fontan circulation and impact of potential 4D flow MRI error sources.
Jarvis K, Schnell S, Barker AJ, Rose M, Robinson JD, Rigsby CK, Markl M
Magn Reson Med. 2019 Feb; 81(2): 1205-1218.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27455
PMID: 30277276

4-D flow MRI aortic 3-D hemodynamics and wall shear stress remain stable over short-term follow-up in pediatric and young adult patients with bicuspid aortic valve.
Rose MJ, Rigsby CK, Berhane H, Bollache E, Jarvis K, Barker AJ, Schnell S, Allen BD, Robinson JD, Markl M
Pediatr Radiol. 2019 Jan; 49(1): 57-67.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-018-4257-y
PMID: 30203126

Curvelet Transform-based volume fusion for correcting signal loss artifacts in Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography data.
Baghaie A, Schnell S, Bakhshinejad A, Fathi MF, D'Souza RM, Rayz VL
Comput Biol Med. 2018 Aug; 99: 142-153.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.06.008
PMID: 29929053

Altered Aortic 3-Dimensional Hemodynamics in Patients With Functionally Unicuspid Aortic Valves.
Ma LE, Vali A, Blanken C, Barker AJ, Malaisrie C, McCarthy P, Collins JD, Carr JC, Schnell S, Markl M
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 Aug; 11(8): e007915-.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.118.007915
PMID: 30354500

Voxel-by-voxel 4D flow MRI-based assessment of regional reverse flow in the aorta.
Shen X, Schnell S, Barker AJ, Suwa K, Tashakkor L, Jarvis K, Carr JC, Collins JD, Prabhakaran S, Markl M
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2018 May; 47(5): 1276-1286.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25862
PMID: 28925047

Cardiovascular MRI in Thoracic Aortopathy: A Focused Review of Recent Literature Updates
Allen BD, Syed AA, Bollache E, Keller EJ, Barker AJ, Rose MJ, Jarvis KB, Schnell S, Markl M, Carr JC, Collins JD
Current Radiology Reports. 2017 Oct; 5(10):
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40134-017-0246-4

JOURNAL CLUB: Four-Dimensional Flow MRI-Based Splenic Flow Index for Predicting Cirrhosis-Associated Hypersplenism.
Keller EJ, Kulik L, Stankovic Z, Lewandowski RJ, Salem R, Carr JC, Schnell S, Markl M, Collins JD
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2017 Jul; 209(1): 46-54.
https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.16.17620
PMID: 28463524

Accelerated dual-venc 4D flow MRI for neurovascular applications.
Schnell S, Ansari SA, Wu C, Garcia J, Murphy IG, Rahman OA, Rahsepar AA, Aristova M, Collins JD, Carr JC, Markl M
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017 Jul; 46(1): 102-114.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25595
PMID: 28152256

Superior Abdominal 4D Flow MRI Data Consistency with Adjusted Preprocessing Workflow and Noncontrast Acquisitions.
Keller EJ, Collins JD, Rigsby C, Carr JC, Markl M, Schnell S
Acad Radiol. 2017 Mar; 24(3): 350-358.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2016.10.007
PMID: 27940231

In Vivo Assessment of the Impact of Regional Intracranial Atherosclerotic Lesions on Brain Arterial 3D Hemodynamics.
Wu C, Schnell S, Vakil P, Honarmand AR, Ansari SA, Carr J, Markl M, Prabhakaran S
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017 Mar; 38(3): 515-522.
https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5051
PMID: 28057635

4D flow MR imaging of the portal venous system: a feasibility study in children.
Parekh K, Markl M, Rose M, Schnell S, Popescu A, Rigsby CK
Eur Radiol. 2017 Feb; 27(2): 832-840.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-016-4396-1
PMID: 27193778

4D flow MRI demonstrates changes in cardiovascular haemodynamics in complex congenital heart disease.
Rose M, Rahman O, Schnell S, Robinson J, Rigsby C
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017 Jan; 18(1): 114-.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jew204
PMID: 27679602

Combined DSA and 4D Flow Demonstrate Overt Alterations of Vascular Geometry and Hemodynamics in an Unusually Complex Cerebral AVM.
Wu C, Schnell S, Markl M, Ansari SA
Clin Neuroradiol. 2016 Dec; 26(4): 471-475.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-015-0477-9
PMID: 26475127

Efficient method for volumetric assessment of peak blood flow velocity using 4D flow MRI.
Rose MJ, Jarvis K, Chowdhary V, Barker AJ, Allen BD, Robinson JD, Markl M, Rigsby CK, Schnell S
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2016 Dec; 44(6): 1673-1682.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25305
PMID: 27192153

Altered aortic shape in bicuspid aortic valve relatives influences blood flow patterns.
Schnell S, Smith DA, Barker AJ, Entezari P, Honarmand AR, Carr ML, Malaisrie SC, McCarthy PM, Collins J, Carr JC, Markl M
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Nov; 17(11): 1239-1247.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jew149
PMID: 27461208

Evaluation of blood flow distribution asymmetry and vascular geometry in patients with Fontan circulation using 4-D flow MRI.
Jarvis K, Schnell S, Barker AJ, Garcia J, Lorenz R, Rose M, Chowdhary V, Carr J, Robinson JD, Rigsby CK, Markl M
Pediatr Radiol. 2016 Oct; 46(11): 1507-1519.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-016-3654-3
PMID: 27350377

Complex Alterations of Intracranial 4-Dimensional Hemodynamics in Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations During Staged Endovascular Embolization.
Wu C, Schoeneman SE, Kuhn R, Honarmand AR, Schnell S, Ansari SA, Carr J, Markl M, Shaibani A
Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2016 Sep; 12(3): 239-249.
https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000001137
PMID: 29506111

Hemodynamic evaluation in patients with transposition of the great arteries after the arterial switch operation: 4D flow and 2D phase contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance compared with Doppler echocardiography.
Jarvis K, Vonder M, Barker AJ, Schnell S, Rose M, Carr J, Robinson JD, Markl M, Rigsby CK
J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2016 Sep; 18(1): 59-.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-016-0276-8
PMID: 27659876

Towards high-resolution 4D flow MRI in the human aorta using kt-GRAPPA and B1+ shimming at 7T.
Schmitter S, Schnell S, Ugurbil K, Markl M, Van de Moortele P-F
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2016 Aug; 44(2): 486-499.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25164
PMID: 26841070

Advanced flow MRI: emerging techniques and applications.
Markl M, Schnell S, Wu C, Bollache E, Jarvis K, Barker AJ, Robinson JD, Rigsby CK
Clin Radiol. 2016 Aug; 71(8): 779-795.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2016.01.011
PMID: 26944696

Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging-based characterization of aortic morphometry and haemodynamics: impact of age, aortic diameter, and valve morphology.
Garcia J, Barker AJ, Murphy I, Jarvis K, Schnell S, Collins JD, Carr JC, Malaisrie SC, Markl M
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Aug; 17(8): 877-884.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev228
PMID: 26377908

Four-dimensional MRI flow examinations in cerebral and extracerebral vessels - ready for clinical routine?
Schnell S, Wu C, Ansari SA
Curr Opin Neurol. 2016 Aug; 29(4): 419-428.
https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000341
PMID: 27262148

Analyzing myocardial torsion based on tissue phase mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
Chitiboi T, Schnell S, Collins J, Carr J, Chowdhary V, Honarmand AR, Hennemuth A, Linsen L, Hahn HK, Markl M
J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2016 Apr; 18: 15-.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-016-0234-5
PMID: 27062364

Improved assessment of aortic 3D blood flow with combined k-t accelerated 3D CINE bSSFP & 4D flow MRI.
Jarvis KB, Wu C, Giri S, Schnell S, Barker AJ, Collins JD, Carr JC, Markl M
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2016 Jan; 18(Suppl 1):
ISSN: 1097-6647

Improved assessment of aortic hemodynamics by K-T accelerated dual-venc 4D flow MRI in pediatric patients
Schnell S, Rose MJ, Wu C, Garcia J, Robinson JD, Markl M, Rigsby CK
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2016 Jan; 18: 1-2.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-18-S1-O96
ISSN: 1097-6647

Evaluating the disease progression of pediatric bicuspid aortic valve patients using 4D flow MRI data.
Rose MJ, Jarvis KB, Barker AJ, Schnell S, Allen BD, Robinson JD, Markl M, Rigsby CK
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2016 Jan; 18(Suppl 1):
ISSN: 1097-6647

Age-Related Changes of Normal Cerebral and Cardiac Blood Flow in Children and Adults Aged 7 Months to 61 Years.
Wu C, Honarmand AR, Schnell S, Kuhn R, Schoeneman SE, Ansari SA, Carr J, Markl M, Shaibani A
J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Jan; 5(1):
https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002657
PMID: 26727967

Improved Semiautomated 4D Flow MRI Analysis in the Aorta in Patients With Congenital Aortic Valve Anomalies Versus Tricuspid Aortic Valves.
Schnell S, Entezari P, Mahadewia RJ, Malaisrie SC, McCarthy PM, Collins JD, Carr J, Markl M
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2016 Jan; 40(1): 102-108.
https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0000000000000312
PMID: 26466113

Thoracic aorta 3D hemodynamics in pediatric and young adult patients with bicuspid aortic valve.
Allen BD, van Ooij P, Barker AJ, Carr M, Gabbour M, Schnell S, Jarvis KB, Carr JC, Markl M, Rigsby C, Robinson JD
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2015 Oct; 42(4): 954-963.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24847
PMID: 25644073

Improved respiratory navigator gating for thoracic 4D flow MRI.
van Ooij P, Semaan E, Schnell S, Giri S, Stankovic Z, Carr J, Barker AJ, Markl M
Magn Reson Imaging. 2015 Oct; 33(8): 992-999.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2015.04.008
PMID: 25940391

Assessment of altered three-dimensional blood characteristics in aortic disease by velocity distribution analysis.
Garcia J, Barker AJ, van Ooij P, Schnell S, Puthumana J, Bonow RO, Collins JD, Carr JC, Markl M
Magn Reson Med. 2015 Sep; 74(3): 817-825.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25466
PMID: 25252029

4-D flow magnetic resonance imaging: blood flow quantification compared to 2-D phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler echocardiography.
Gabbour M, Schnell S, Jarvis K, Robinson JD, Markl M, Rigsby CK
Pediatr Radiol. 2015 Jun; 45(6): 804-813.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-3246-z
PMID: 25487721

Impact of ascending to descending aortic bypass for aortic coarctation on 3-dimensional hemodynamics.
Chowdhary V, Rose M, Murtagh G, Schnell S, Barker A, Russell H, Markl M, Carr J
Circulation. 2015 Mar; 131(11): 1036-1038.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014382
PMID: 25779545

From unicuspid to quadricuspid: influence of aortic valve morphology on aortic three-dimensional hemodynamics.
Entezari P, Schnell S, Mahadevia R, Malaisrie C, McCarthy P, Mendelson M, Collins J, Carr JC, Markl M, Barker AJ
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014 Dec; 40(6): 1342-1346.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24498
PMID: 24265266

Response to letter regarding article, "Bicuspid aortic cusp fusion morphology alters aortic three-dimensional outflow patterns, wall shear stress, and expression of aortopathy".
Mahadevia R, Barker AJ, Schnell S, Entezari P, Kansal P, Fedak PWM, Malaisrie SC, McCarthy P, Collins J, Carr J, Markl M
Circulation. 2014 Nov; 130(19): e171-.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010928
PMID: 25366843

Evaluation of aortic stenosis severity using 4D flow jet shear layer detection for the measurement of valve effective orifice area.
Garcia J, Markl M, Schnell S, Allen B, Entezari P, Mahadevia R, Chris Malaisrie S, Pibarot P, Carr J, Barker AJ
Magn Reson Imaging. 2014 Sep; 32(7): 891-898.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2014.04.017
PMID: 24865143

k-t GRAPPA accelerated four-dimensional flow MRI in the aorta: effect on scan time, image quality, and quantification of flow and wall shear stress.
Schnell S, Markl M, Entezari P, Mahadewia RJ, Semaan E, Stankovic Z, Collins J, Carr J, Jung B
Magn Reson Med. 2014 Aug; 72(2): 522-533.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.24925
PMID: 24006309

Reduced anterior internal capsule white matter integrity in primary insomnia.
Spiegelhalder K, Regen W, Prem M, Baglioni C, Nissen C, Feige B, Schnell S, Kiselev VG, Hennig J, Riemann D
Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Jul; 35(7): 3431-3438.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22412
PMID: 25050429

4D flow imaging: current status to future clinical applications.
Markl M, Schnell S, Barker AJ
Curr Cardiol Rep. 2014 May; 16(5): 481-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-014-0481-8
PMID: 24700368

Fiber pathways connecting cortical areas relevant for spatial orienting and exploration.
Suchan J, Umarova R, Schnell S, Himmelbach M, Weiller C, Karnath H-O, Saur D
Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Mar; 35(3): 1031-1043.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22232
PMID: 23283834

White matter microstructure alterations of the medial forebrain bundle in melancholic depression.
Bracht T, Horn H, Strik W, Federspiel A, Schnell S, Höfle O, Stegmayer K, Wiest R, Dierks T, Müller TJ, Walther S
J Affect Disord. 2014 Feb; 155: 186-193.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.048
PMID: 24252169

Bicuspid aortic cusp fusion morphology alters aortic three-dimensional outflow patterns, wall shear stress, and expression of aortopathy.
Mahadevia R, Barker AJ, Schnell S, Entezari P, Kansal P, Fedak WM, Malaisrie SC, McCarthy P, Collins J, Carr J, Markl M
Circulation. 2014 Feb; 129(6): 673-682.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003026
PMID: 24345403

Three-dimensional hemodynamics in intracranial aneurysms: influence of size and morphology.
Schnell S, Ansari SA, Vakil P, Wasielewski M, Carr ML, Hurley MC, Bendok BR, Batjer H, Carroll TJ, Carr J, Markl M
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014 Jan; 39(1): 120-131.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24110
PMID: 24151067

Enhanced segmentation improves 4D blood flow quantification in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary regurgitation
Robinson JD, Rigsby CK, Barker AJ, Jarvis KB, de Freitas RA, Schnell S, Markl M
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2014 Jan; 16(Suppl 1): P118-P118.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429x-16-s1-p118
ISSN: 1097-6647

Hemodynamics in bicuspid aortic valve relatives with trileaflet aortic valves compared to normal controls using 4D flow MRI
Schnell S, Barker AJ, Entezari P, Honarmand AR, Malaisrie SC, McCarthy PM, Collins J, Carr JC, Markl M
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2014 Jan; 16(Suppl 1): P114-P114.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429x-16-s1-p114
ISSN: 1097-6647

Assessment of transvalvular flow jet angle in aortic dilation patients using 4D flow jet shear layer detection method
Garcia J, Markl M, van Ooij P, Schnell S, Collins JD, Malaisrie SC, Carr JC, Barker AJ
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2014 Jan; 16(Suppl 1): P47-P47.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429x-16-s1-p47
ISSN: 1097-6647

Fronto-parietal dorsal and ventral pathways in the context of different linguistic manipulations.
Kellmeyer P, Ziegler W, Peschke C, Juliane E, Schnell S, Baumgaertner A, Weiller C, Saur D
Brain Lang. 2013 Nov; 127(2): 241-250.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2013.09.011
PMID: 24183468

Intracranial 4D flow MRI: toward individualized assessment of arteriovenous malformation hemodynamics and treatment-induced changes.
Ansari SA, Schnell S, Carroll T, Vakil P, Hurley MC, Wu C, Carr J, Bendok BR, Batjer H, Markl M
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013 Oct; 34(10): 1922-1928.
https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3537
PMID: 23639564

Mapping remodeling of thalamocortical projections in the living reeler mouse brain by diffusion tractography.
Harsan L-A, Dávid C, Reisert M, Schnell S, Hennig J, von Elverfeldt D, Staiger JF
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 May; 110(19): E1797-E1806.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1218330110
PMID: 23610438

Altered cortico-basal ganglia motor pathways reflect reduced volitional motor activity in schizophrenia.
Bracht T, Schnell S, Federspiel A, Razavi N, Horn H, Strik W, Wiest R, Dierks T, Müller TJ, Walther S
Schizophr Res. 2013 Feb; 143(2-3): 269-276.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.004
PMID: 23276479

In vivo quantification of blood mixing in single ventricle patients with Fontan circulation using 4D flow MRI.
Jarvis KB, Schnell S, Gabbour M, Barker AJ, Lorenz R, Carr J, Robinson JD, Popescu AR, de Freitas RA, Rigsby C, Markl M
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2013 Jan; 15(Suppl 1): E88-E88.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429x-15-s1-e88
ISSN: 1097-6647

Incorporating time-resolved three-dimensional phase contrast (4D flow) MRI in clinical workflow: initial experiences at a large tertiary care medical center.
Allen BD, Barker AJ, Parekh K, Sommerville LC, Schnell S, Jarvis KB, Carr M, Carr J, Collins J, Markl M
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2013 Jan; 15(Suppl 1): P32-P32.
ISSN: 1097-6647

From unicuspid to quadricuspid: the impact of aortic valve morphology on 3D hemodynamics.
Entezari P, Schnell S, Mahadevia RJ, Rinewalt D, Davarpanah AH, Malaisrie SC, McCarthy P, Collins J, Carr J, Markl M, Barker AJ
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2013 Jan; 15(Suppl 1): O79-O79.
ISSN: 1097-6647

4D flow jet shear layer detection method for the measurement of effective orifice area and assessment of aortic stenosis severity.
Garcia J, Barker AJ, Schnell S, Entezari P, Mahadevia RJ, Pibarot P, Carr J, Markl M
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2013 Jan; 15(Suppl 1): P241-P241.
ISSN: 1097-6647

4D flow MRI of the aorta becomes practical: performance and observer variability for a new semi-automated workflow for 3D visualization and quantification of aortic hemodynamics.
Schnell S, Entezari P, Mahadevia RJ, Rinewalt D, Fluckiger J, Collins J, Carr J, Jung BA, Markl M
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2013 Jan; 15(Suppl 1): M2-M2.
ISSN: 1097-6647

4D flow MRI demonstrates altered aortic hemodynamics in patients with right-left and right-noncoronary bicuspid aortic valve fusion patterns.
Mahadevia RJ, Schnell S, Entezari P, Rinewalt D, Kansal P, Malaisrie SC, McCarthy P, Collins J, Carr J, Barker AJ, Markl M
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2013 Jan; 15(Suppl 1): M8-M8.
ISSN: 1097-6647

Comparison of 4D flow and 2D PC MRI blood flow quantification in children and young adults with congenital heart disease.
Gabbour M, Rigsby C, Markl M, Schnell S, Jarvis KB, de Freitas RA, Popescu AR, Robinson JD
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2013 Jan; 15(Suppl 1): E90-E90.
ISSN: 1097-6647

Ventral and dorsal fiber systems for imagined and executed movement.
Vry M-S, Saur D, Rijntjes M, Umarova R, Kellmeyer P, Schnell S, Glauche V, Hamzei F, Weiller C
Exp Brain Res. 2012 Jun; 219(2): 203-216.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3079-7
PMID: 22476131

Cortico-cortical white matter motor pathway microstructure is related to psychomotor retardation in major depressive disorder.
Bracht T, Federspiel A, Schnell S, Horn H, Höfle O, Wiest R, Dierks T, Strik W, Müller TJ, Walther S
PLoS One. 2012; 7(12): e52238-.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052238
PMID: 23284950

Characterization of cerebral aneurysms using 4D FLOW MRI.
Schnell S, Ansari SA, Vakil P, Hurley M, Carr J, Batjer H, Bendok BR, Carroll TJ, Markl M
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2012 Jan; 14(Suppl 1): W2-W2.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429x-14-s1-w2
ISSN: 1097-6647

Global fiber reconstruction becomes practical.
Reisert M, Mader I, Anastasopoulos C, Weigel M, Schnell S, Kiselev V
Neuroimage. 2011 Jan; 54(2): 955-962.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.016
PMID: 20854913

In vivo diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and fiber tracking of the mouse brain.
Harsan L-A, Paul D, Schnell S, Kreher BW, Hennig J, Staiger JF, von Elverfeldt D
NMR Biomed. 2010 Aug; 23(7): 884-896.
https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1496
PMID: 20213629

Combining functional and anatomical connectivity reveals brain networks for auditory language comprehension.
Saur D, Schelter B, Schnell S, Kratochvil D, Küpper H, Kellmeyer P, Kümmerer D, Klöppel S, Glauche V, Lange R, Mader W, Feess D, Timmer J, Weiller C
Neuroimage. 2010 Feb; 49(4): 3187-3197.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.009
PMID: 19913624

Reduced interhemispheric structural connectivity between anterior cingulate cortices in borderline personality disorder.
Rüsch N, Bracht T, Kreher BW, Schnell S, Glauche V, Il'yasov KA, Ebert D, Lieb K, Hennig J, Saur D, van Elst LT
Psychiatry Res. 2010 Feb; 181(2): 151-154.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.08.004
PMID: 20079614 ISSN: 0165-1781

Structural connectivity for visuospatial attention: significance of ventral pathways.
Umarova RM, Saur D, Schnell S, Kaller CP, Vry M-S, Glauche V, Rijntjes M, Hennig J, Kiselev V, Weiller C
Cereb Cortex. 2010 Jan; 20(1): 121-129.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp086
PMID: 19406904

Extraction of prefronto-amygdalar pathways by combining probability maps.
Bracht T, Tüscher O, Schnell S, Kreher B, Rüsch N, Glauche V, Lieb K, Ebert D, Il'yasov KA, Hennig J, Weiller C, van Elst LT, Saur D
Psychiatry Res. 2009 Dec; 174(3): 217-222.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.05.001
PMID: 19910167 ISSN: 0165-1781

Fully automated classification of HARDI in vivo data using a support vector machine.
Schnell S, Saur D, Kreher BW, Hennig J, Burkhardt H, Kiselev VG
Neuroimage. 2009 Jul; 46(3): 642-651.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.003
PMID: 19285561

Ventral and dorsal pathways for language.
Saur D, Kreher BW, Schnell S, Kümmerer D, Kellmeyer P, Vry M-S, Umarova R, Musso M, Glauche V, Abel S, Huber W, Rijntjes M, Hennig J, Weiller C
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov; 105(46): 18035-18040.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805234105
PMID: 19004769

Connecting and merging fibres: pathway extraction by combining probability maps.
Kreher BW, Schnell S, Mader I, Il'yasov KA, Hennig J, Kiselev VG, Saur D
Neuroimage. 2008 Oct; 43(1): 81-89.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.06.023
PMID: 1864424

Selective targeting of the retinal pigment epithelium in rabbit eyes with a scanning laser beam.
Framme C, Alt C, Schnell S, Sherwood M, Brinkmann R, Lin CP
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Apr; 48(4): 1782-1792.
https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.06-0797
PMID: 17389512 ISSN: 0146-0404

Selective targeting of the retinal pigment epithelium using an acousto-optic laser scanner.
Alt C, Framme C, Schnell S, Lee H, Brinkmann R, Lin CP
J Biomed Opt. 2005 Nov; 10(6): 064014-.
https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2136314
PMID: 16409079 ISSN: 1083-3668

[Selective RPE laser treatment with a scanned cw laser beam in rabbits].
Framme C, Alt C, Schnell S, Brinkmann R, Lin CP
Ophthalmologe. 2005 May; 102(5): 491-496.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-004-1139-5
PMID: 15883846 ISSN: 0941-293X